AC3 (also: AC3-Coding)
A technology developed by Dolby Laboratories for compressing tone signals. It is mostly employed by Dolby Digital Through this technology tones are filtered out which the human ear is not able to register. Here the AC3-Coding works with a constant data compression of 348 kBit/s.
ACMS+
Stands for Automatic Channel Memory System and means a system for the automatic storage of television channels.
ACSS
Stands for Automatic Clock Setting System and means the automatic time setting.
Active Matrix
This concerns an LCD Technology, which uses a TFT (Thin Film-Transistor) in order to steer a picture point (Pixel). This technology enables the presentation of moving videos in contrast to a passive Matrix. One differentiates between 2 types of active matrix technologies:1. Amorphous TFT and 2. Polysilicon TFT.
Alarm Timer
Appointments or the start of television programs are activated through a notice on the screen.
ALIS Technology (Alternate Lightning of Surfaces) with Plasma Monitors
A technology for improving contrast in the display technology through which a sharper picture, more brightness and a longer life of the LCD display or monitor are achieved.
Amorphous TFT
A type of Active Matrix TFT. The transistors are larger i.e., they block more light than transistors in polysilicon TFT.
analog
The opposite of digital. Analog signals can continuously change their value and can take any value within a value area (e.g., electrical charging). It concerns oscillations which can be measured in the unit Herz (Hz), where 1Hz = 1 oscillation.
Analog Reception
Reception via television or video recorder for receiving analog signals.
ANSI
(American National Standards Institute) ANSI is an American organization (member of the ISO), which creates uniform rules/norms and monitors adherence to them. ANSI-Standards are recognized world-wide. The norms for calculating the picture brightness in lumens is particularly interesting in projection technology.
ANSI Lumen
An American normative unit of measure from the American National Standard Institute (ANSI) for the light strength of projectors. Here the projector's surface is divided into 9 fields, and the Brightness is measured for each field. An average value is obtained from the measured values. The values obtained are referred to as the ANSI Lumen Value of the Projector. The unit is lux/m². A rule of thumb for the correct choice of the light output: For projectors in a daylight environment of about 400-500 ANSI Lumen pro m² of projected picture surface are sufficient. For very dark environments or environments with indirect sunlight a projector with about 80-250 ANSI Lumen pro m² projected picture surface will be sufficient. The larger the ANSI Lumen-Value the lighter the projected picture will be. Lumen
Anti-Shock Mechanism
In CDs or MP3 players, this prevents loss of the laser resulting from vertical movements or shaking. This digital temporary memory insures uninterrupted musical pleasure, in that it stores to its memory in advance every 20 seconds, and this memory will then be played out in the event of a shock.
Aperture Ratio
The relationship of the diameter and the focal length of a mirror or lens system. Aperture ratio = focal length/diameter of the aperture
ARLS
Function on a projector which turns on according to the brightness of the room and automatically adjusts the contrast of the projector. In order to detect the brightness the projector has a photocell.
Aspect Ratio
The picture format of a film: The ratio of the picture's width to its height. As a rule, the standard format is 4:3, also called full picture, by motion pictures usually wide screen format 16:9. >picture format.
ATS euro plus
This function enables an automatic sorting and programming of the television transmitter according to a determined order by turning on a television set or receiver.
Automatic Self-cleaning
For video recorders a special tape treading path enables the video head to clean gently while the recorder is in use.
Automatic Transmitter Sorting
By the initial setting of television sets and video recorders there follows an automatic sorting and programming of the transmitter according to a determined order. ATS euro plus
Automatic White Comparison
This automatic mechanism harmonizes the color presentation of the available light so that a natural, neutral color rendition is given with different light sources (sunlight, light bulbs and fluorescent lighting etc.). In other words, a white surface will appear as white.
Auto-Power-Off
A mechanism which, when in Stop mode automatically shuts off the machine after a short period when no further use follows. This mechanism increases the life of the battery or rechargeable and with projectors it conserves the lamp.
Auto-Scan
This mechanism automatically synchronizes the data video projector automatically with the screen mode of the computer and corrects the tracking and H-Phase (fine adjustment by optimal tracking).
Auto-Setup
With the help of auto setups the image orientation of the projector or plasma display, the picture repetition rate and the horizontal and vertical row frequency will be set automatically in order that one will always get an optimal picture since every graphic card has a different setting.
Auto-Sync
See Auto-Scan
BassXpander
A system for increasing low frequencies through which full and rich bass tones are created.
BBE
Method of rendering a very clear sound.
Beamer
American expression for projector.
Bit
Short notation for binary digital indicates the smallest unit of information in computers and other dual systems. A bit can accept only the values 1 or 0. Eight bits make a Byte (B). 1 B is the smallest coding for, for example, a text symbol.
Blank
Means an empty space. On projectors, this is a dark switch.
Bluetooth
A method of transmitting data over short distances without cables, e.g. between mobile telephones and computers. The transmission of data is carried out via radio with a maximum of 1 Mbit/s, where the coverage is between 10m and 100 m.
BNC
Stands for Bayonet Nut Coupling or British Naval Connector. This refers to a plug with which one can connect a coaxial cable The plug is connected to the socket and fixed with a turn of 90°.
Booster Box
With the aid of a booster box one can connect a Beamer and a Monitor to a computer at the same time.
bps
(Bits per second) Abbreviation for bit/s. A unit for the rate of transfer of data which tells how many Bits per second are being transferred. Also see Frequency Range.
Brightness
The brightness of Projectors is measured in ANSI-Lumen.
Burning Point
The point at which all parallel light rays meet and are bundled together through lenses or a mirror.
CAD
Stands for Computer Aided Design. A term for the construction and draft drawings which are produced with the help of the computer.
Cathode Ray Tube
See CRT
CCD
(Charged Coupled Devices) An element of a semi-conductor tied to the load. CCDs are an arrangement of minuscule light-sensitive elements, in which each element records the amount of the hit light and saves it as an electrical load. CCDs are used in the form of chips or objective sensors in digital cameras, scanners etc. employed as recording units. There are different layouts of CCD elements. The most well known are linear CCDs, which are used in many flatbed and slide scanners. Linear CCDs each produce a complete row and not individual points. The elements of a flat CCD, on the other hand, are ordered in a matrix
CE
Communauté Européenne. It is a sign of conforming. The manufacturer or importer of a product puts it on the product and the packaging, thereby documenting the adherence to the safety guidelines of the European Union.
Ceiling Mount
Mount for fixing the projector to the ceiling. The projector has to be mounted to the ceiling on its head. In the menu the picture will then be turned around by 180 degrees.
Ceiling Projector
See Ceiling Mount
Cinch
A plug connection between a bi-polar protected connection and a piece of equipment. Mostly used for analog transmission of tone and picture. See also Cinch-Plug, Cinch-Cable
Cinch-Cable
Cinch connections are used for tone and picture transmissions. The cinch jack is often marked with a yellow ring. The connection for the left/right tone channel is usually white and red, respectively.
Cinch-Plug
Also called RCA-Plug. A plug used for transmitting unsymmetrical signals e.g., by stereo systems and video recorders as audio and video connection.
Coaxial-Cable
Shielded copper cable. It is made of two conductors which are shielded from two non-conducting elements. This type of cable is used in LANs. They realize a good to high data transfer rate.
Color 24 -Bit
Also called True Color. Shows the colors with a color depth of 24 Bit, i.e., it can show 2 to the power of 24 = 16.777.216 colors or shadings. It is therefore possible to present true-to-life colors of which the human eye is able to differentiate about 100 different colors with about 600,000 shades.
Color Depth
Amount of information with which the color of a picture point can be described. With 8 bit, 256 color nuances can be shown (necessary for high quality reproductions).
Color Palette
Total number of all possible colors. Color 24-Bit
Color Stripe
Color production in the micro-dot through color strips which filter light. See also passive Matrix.
Color Temperature
Every body, according to its temperature, emits light of differing spectral composition and appears to the viewer as colored. Physics has developed a temperature scale in Kelvin (K) to which each color is assigned a temperature, the so-called color temperature. The distribution of the colors is undertaken with the aid of an ideal black body which does not reflect any light. This is gradually heated up and note is made of the colors it emits. Hereby the color changes from glowing red to white and finally burning blue. A temperature of 5,000 Kelvin represents the color of the emitted light of the heated body which approximates the color of middle sunlight i.e., middle sunlight has a color temperature of ca. 5,000 K. Halogen lamps, bulb lamps and candles have a lower color temperature and therefore produce a more yellow-to-red light. In the full day sun the color temperature is higher and the light is more blue. The human eye can compensate these color differences so that small color casts are not noticeable. In order that there are no color casts on pictures, cameras compensate for the color variances through special film materials or filter, or in the case of digital cameras and video cameras throughWhite Comparison. Sometimes the color casts are desired. In this case it is possible to reverse the specific film and filters in order to increase this effect. Color Depth
Compatibility
Refers to standard or a standardized structure which allows for a problem-free exchange of data or the operation of machines.
Composite-Sync
Combined signal of synchronized horizontal and vertical signals.
Composite Video
Process for transmitting video signals by which the color signal and the brightness signal are sent via a single cable. The Wiring is mostly done via Cinch. Since both signals interfere with each other the picture quality is not as good as it is with S-Video.
Compression
In general, a process for compressing data in order to save on memory capacity or to enable faster transmission. In projection technology this is understood to mean a compression of a higher picture resolution onto a lower LCD resolution e.g., 800x600 picture points presented onto a 640 x 480 LCD-Panel. By a compression every fifth Pixel is omitted.
Computer-Entrance
Connection possibility for a computer. See also DVI
Computer REC
Switch to start the recording function.
Condenser Lens
In a projector the lens between the lamp and the LCD. It combines the light and the projected picture is sharper.
Contrast
Term for the ratio between the largest white value and the darkest black value. The higher the contrast the better one can differentiate the different colors. One can determine the contrast with the help of the ANSI-Lumen value in which the ANSI-Lumen-value for white is divided by that for black. Another method is the Full on/Full off Measurement Method. Here the brightness of the screen is measured by full white and black and put into proportion. This method does not take into account the calculation of light through the optic of the projector. Therefore the Full on/ Full off values are always larger than the contrast ratio which are calculated with the help of ANSI-Lumen.
Convergence
The equal cover congruence of the three projected partial pictures for red, green and blue. If the pictures do not match exactly color borders appear on the contours and lines.
Contrast Ratio
The ratio of contrast i.e., a measurement for the difference in brightness between black and white. The larger the ratio the lighter and sharper the picture. One finds differing values according to the particular projector: Projectors withpassive matrix LCD's have a contrast ration of 15 : 1,> active matrixTFT's a ratio up to 100 : 1, DLP 175 : 1, Poly-Si LCD 300 : 1 and 35mm slides have a contrast ratio of over 500 : 1.
CRT Cathode Ray Tube
This is a vacuum tube which is used in video projectors, television sets and computer screens. There is an electron gun in the neck of the tube which produces electron rays. These electron rays come into contact with the phosphorous-covered back side of the front picture screen. Through the horizontal and vertical ray deflections the picture is produced row for row.
D/A Roamer
Converts Keystone-Effekt bei Projektoren mittels digitaler Technik ausgleicht.
Digital Video Quality
A function for optimally adapting the digital picture quality. There are 5 possibilities to choose from: The Normal Mode is the basic setting for conventional DVD software, the Soft Mode especially for MPEG1-coded Video-CDs, the Fine Mode for Animation (e.g., cartoons), the Cinema Mode for higher picture quality, and the User Mode allows for a manual and individual setting of brightness, contrast, color and picture sharpness.
Digital Picture Control
An automatic setting of optimal picture quality.
Digital Surround Sound
Surrounding sound for the home. With the help of a special Surround-Decoder (Dolby Digital, DTS) DVD sound possibilities are fully exploited. An additional Subwoofer brings noisy action to your home.
D/A Roamer
Converts digital signals into analog signals. The better the digital resolution, the better the analog reproduction.
dB
Abbreviation for decibel. A unit for the volume of sound. The increase of only 1dB means a doubling of the sound volume.
Decoder
An instrument for deciphering binary signals.
Dichroitischer Mirror
A mirror which only allows through certain wavelengths and reflects all other wavelengths. This type of mirror is found in digital projectors in order to divide the light into the colors red, green and blue.
diffuse
Even distribution of the inward light in all directions. See also Projection Screen.
Digital
This word comes from the Latin digitus, or finger. It is a way of representing and working with data from the binary system. Values which come from individual levels are comprised of individual levels in contrast to constantly changing (analog) data.
Digital Camera
A camera that takes pictures with the help of a CCD-Chip. Here light is first converted into an electrical signal and then converted into digital data. The camera then saves these digital pictures in a storage unit. The camera works without film or film developing. The pictures can be worked in immediately in the computer.
Digital Comb Filter
Improves the picture quality by separating the color signals from the black/white signals.
Digital-Zoom
A function for electronically enlarging sections of a picture. The picture format is enlarged and the resolution decreases since no new picture points have been added. The same function can be achieved on a computer with the picture editing program.
Distance for Viewing Projection Screens
Distance between the observer and the screen. This distance should be about 1.5-to 6 times the width of the screen, in order that the viewer is still able to recognize all of the details of the projected picture.
DLP
DLP sands for Digital Light Processing™. This is a digital, reflex technology developed by Texas Instruments. Digital Projection offers an image quality that satisfies the highest requirements. This includes, of course, natural colors and even picture presentation. Data are presented without color convergence problems since it does the job with a picture transmitter.
DMD-Chip
Short for Digital Micro Mirror Device-Chip. Comes to use with DLP-Technology in projectors.
Document Camera
Also called Projector Camera. A camera which is integrated into the arm of the projector. It produces a digital picture which is projected directly over the projector onto the wall.
Dolby
A process developed by Ray Dolby for sound reduction by sound recordings and reproduction.
Dolby Digital
A decoder developed by Dolby Laboratories, achieves a spatial tone atmosphere over 5 +1 separate channels through digital tone transmission. A sound transmission as in the cinema can be achieved through 3 loudspeakers in front (left, middle, and right), two rear loudspeakers (left and right) and a channel (Subwoofer) for very low tones (under 120 Hz). This technology has become standard sound quality for DVD's through which each of the 5 main channels are stored separately on the DVD. The data compression is done with AC3-Technology.
Dolby ProLogic
Analogs Dolby Surround-System, which works with only 4 channels (front left, right and rear left, right). Both rear loudspeakers and the sound information from the middle are coded through the stereo channel and both front loudspeakers through a second channel, so that this technology can be used on all normal dual channel systems such as CDs, television, and video cassettes. The tone quality is not as good as that from instruments that operate withDolby Digital.
Dolby Surround
This stereoscopic sound process was developed by the American Ray Dolby. It is a system working with 5 loudspeakers. The loudspeakers are places in front and in back of the listening point. A decoder or a relevant amplifier assigns the signals to the proper loudspeaker.
Dot
(or point) In the printing industry the matrix dot, in digital imaging also the picture point of the monitor. What is important is the distance from dot to dot. Normally this is 0.2 to 0.3 millimeters. The smaller the difference is between the dots on the monitor the sharper the picture presentation will be.
DSTN
Short for Double Super Twist Nematic. A type of presentation process on LCD-screens, which reverts to the Super Twisted Nematictechnology. The polarization folios are turned against each other at 240°, thereby increasing the contrast. The process is part of the passive Matrix process.
DTS
Short for Digital Theater System. Stereophonic sound system which is in competition with Dolby DigitalThis process operates with a larger amount of data than does Digital, resulting in a larger frequency band width.
DVD
Short for Digital Versatile Disc. A type of memory in CD format (ca. 12 cm diameter) for digital optic data with very large storage capacity (up to 17 GB).
DVI
Short for Digital Visual Interface. With the help of this connection digital data can be transferred from computers direct into transfer machines without converting them into analogfor example fed into a projector. Thereby the quality of the transfer is increased since the loss of data has been minimized.
Eco-Mode
Also called Whisper-Mode or energy saving mode. With this function one is able to lower the light power of a digital projector. Thus one saves energy, increases the life of the projector lamp and reduces the noise of the projector.
EGA
Short for Enhanced Graphics Adapter. Presented in 1984 by IBM as a graphic standard for PCs. It works with 16 colors with a Resolutionof 320 x 200, 640 x 200 and 640 x 350. It is now outdated technology.
Electronic Pointer
A similar functionality as a Laser Pointer. An indicating point or arrow will be created electronically, which one can direct through the data video recorder's remote control.
Electronic Picture Reversal
In data video projection the picture is electronically presented sideways. This is important for rear projection and projection from the ceiling.
Electronic Keystone Correction
Projects the presentation machine at a slant upwards on the screen, so the picture is distorted in a trapezoid form. With the help of the electronics of modern data video projectors the distortion can be corrected. Through this the picture points/pixels will be compressed and the picture will be reduced slightly in size. See Optical Keystone Correction.
Electronic Scaling
If the data video projector recognizes a computer mode that does not match the original resolution of the projector, it converts the mode. As a rule, the aim of this is to fill the picture space as completely as possible. Data video projectors for business often offer the convenience of setting the mode so that the optimal picture quality remains.
Farbrad
A component in projectors which work with DLP technology for the color presentation. Color Temperature
Fixed Focal Distance
On lenses with a fixed focal distance the Focal Distance cannot be changed. In order to enlarge the picture one must therefore increase the distance to the object. This is often difficult when using projectors in small rooms.
Flash Memory
Term for special storage chips which keep their contents when the electric power fails. Often used in Digital Cameras.
Focal Distance
Term coming from the field of optics. Distance between the Burning Point from the mid-point of the lens or object lens. The larger the burning point of an objective the larger the projected picture. One uses a large focal distance in order to close in on far-away items or to enlarge them.
Freeze
A term from data video projection. Also called freeze-frame function: The projected picture can always be held, for example in order to enter data into the computer which is to be shown to the viewer at another time.
Frequency
In physics, the number of repetitions of a periodic event (e.g., oscillations per second). The frequency of tones and electric signals are measured in Hertz (Hz).
Frequency Range
The frequency range is measured in MHz. It shows the speed at which the data can be carried in the form of bits per unit of time via a medium e.g., a data video projector. For example, a data video projector with a frequency range of 140 MHz is able to project data from work stations.
Fresnel Lens
A lens invented by Augustin-Jean Fresnel originally for lighthouses, which through their special construction have a limited volume and weight. They are found in Overhead projectors, rear projection discs and LCDs applications and ensure an even light distribution over the projection surface. In projectors the Fresnel lens is made of plastic.
Front AV
Possibility to connect external machines on the side of a machine.
Front Projection
The projection and observation take place from the same direction.
Full Motion
Transfer of moving images in real time, i.e., with 30 picture per second (NTSC) or 25 pictures per second (PAL).
Gain Factor
English term for Leuchtdichtefaktor.
Gamma Correction
Function regulating the brightness and color intensity of an image, thus achieving an even picture contrast.
GLV
Kurz für Grating Light Valve. Dabei handelt es sich um eine von Silicon Light Machines entwickelte Technik bei Projektoren, welche in Konkurrenz zur DLP-Technik steht. Diese Technik arbeitet mit einem Chip, bei dem jedes Pixel aus 6 parallel angeordneten Metallbändern besteht, die mit Aluminium beschichtet sind. Diese Bänder reflektieren das Licht ähnlich wie die Spiegel beim DMD-Chip.
Graphic Map
See Bildschirmkarte
Greyscale picture
In the transfer of picture in black and white, colors are represented with the aid of different shades of grey. With an 8 Bit Color Depth 254 grey gradients plus black and white, for a total of 256 available different shades.
GS
Safety testing. The GS symbol appears on a product or product packaging. It is conferred when the TÜV or another unit authorized testing unit has determined that the safety requirements have been fulfilled.
Halogen Lamp
Cheap lamps with a life of ca. 40-50 hours. These lamps produce a light pale yellow light and are used in simple projectors.
HDMI
Short for High Definition Multimedia Interfaces. A newly developed standard for transferring digital audio and video data. This method supports the securing of the data so that unauthorized copies are deterred, if not avoided completely.
HDTV
Abbreviation for High Definition Television. This method transfers television images in higher resolution (1,000 to 1,200 rows).
Hertz
Unit of Frequency, named after H. Hertz. Abbreviation: Hz.1 Hz = 1/s; 1 kHz (Kilohertz) = 1.000 Hz. s.Image Frequency.
Hifi
Short for High Fidelity. Instrument with especially fine sound quality.
Hi fi-Surround-Sound
A system that simulates room sound. In contrast to Dolby Surround it uses only two channels and reaches the impression of room sound through shifting phases. Some data video projectors come with these sound systems.
High-Resolution
Very high Bildauflösung, more than 1,024 x 768 Pixel per picture
Horizontal Frequency
This frequency is measured in kHz. It shows how many lines can be controlled per second. Data video projectors use their own horizontal frequency. The details in brochures refer to the frequencies of computers and video sources which can be processed.
Hearing Threshold
Gives the lower threshold of the range of human hearing. It is independent of frequency. Digital reproduction machines no longer transfer tones outside the hearing threshold in order to save storage capacity.
Hotspot
In projection technology the term Hotspot refers to a light spot on the projection surface during projection. This spot is the result of the reflection of the lamp or the lens of the projector. This can be eliminated by adjusting the angle.
Hyper-band
Frequency area in the cable network between 300 and 470 MHz. This area should be used for the transfer of digital television signals.
Illumination
For projection systems which work with a lamp, this designates the ratio of the brightness in the middle of the picture to the brightness on the edge of the projection. This is given in a percentage. The larger the value the better the illumination. Values over 80% are for well projected pictures.
Image Dot
Also pixel (coming from the words picture element). Smallest possible image element for digital presentation of picture elements.
Incident Light OHP
A type of overhead projector in which the source of light is located at the top of the projector. This technology is used in mobile projectors. The folio is put on a mirror which it then reflects. These projectors cannot be combined with LCD displays.
Infrared
Electro-magnetic wavelength from a wavelength of ca. 780 nm (nanometers) up to ca.1mm. This area includes the area of visible red light, but for humans is at most discernible as heat rays and not visible. Infrared is often used for transferring information in remote controls.
Infrared Remote Control
A remote control which uses infrared rays in order to transfer instructions to the projection unit. It does not need any wire connections.
Interlaced Video
Method of presenting video pictures, also called jump-sound scanning. First the even lines are shown on the screen and then the odd lines. Thus the viewer sees a shaky image. A line doubler corrects this disadvantage. See also Non-Interlaced Video
IQ-S
Abbreviation for Intelligent Scaling. One speaks also of a Resizing. It is a relatively new expression coming from the field of data video projection. The projector recalculates the size of the image if the screen map of the computer delivers a resolution that does not match that of the projector. The new image size is calculated so that the picture's quality remains optimal.
Jog Dial
Steering mechanism with the help of a Jog Dial on a video recorder or remote control. Individual functions e.g., volume, bass and tuning settings can be chosen easily through turning.
JPEG
A norm storage format for still-pictures data developed by joint pictures experts group. This format requires little storage capacity and is therefore good for the Internet.
Kelvin
Unit for temperature according to Kelvin. Abbreviated: K.0° Celsius equals 273.15 K. The Color Temperature is given in Kelvin.
Kensington Lock
Kensington Lock is a universal security system broadly used for data video projectors (Beamer), notebooks and laptops. It is composed of a steel cable with a lock which is wrapped around an immovable object and then inserted into the respective interface of the item to be secured.
Keystone-Correction
If the presentation machine projects diagonally upwards on a screen the picture will be a distorted trapezoid. With the help of modern electronic data video projectors this distortion can be corrected. The picture point or pixel is compressed and the picture will be reduced minimally in size. In German it is also called Trapezkorrektur.
Keystoning
Another term for the trapezoidal distortion of the projected picture. This distortion is unavoidable if a projector, overhead or data video projector projects onto the screen upward from a steep angle, unless the screen can be tilted or the projector is equipped with an optical or electronic keystone corrector.
Kompression
SeeCompression
Lamp Longevity
Varies according to lamp type and manufacturer between 1,000 and 6,000 hours of use
Laser Pointer
Through laser technology a ray is created which serves as the optical pointer by the projection of images or presentation folios on a wall several meters away.
LCD
Abbreviation for Liquid Crystal Display, in German Flüssigkristallanzeige. The heart of many data video projectors is an LCD. Described simply, it is a system of thin glass plates between which there is a layer of liquid crystal. With the help of an electric conductor all of the points on this layer can be controlled individually. The precision of the control is determined to a large extent by the quality of the projected image.
Lens Shift
The projector lens can be adjusted vertically and horizontally, thereby allowing the projection angle to be set.
Lenticular Structure
A term for the surface workmanship of rear projection discs. The surface has grooves running from top to bottom which ensure that the outside light is broken and thereby avoids reflections. Rear projection discs with lenticular structure are therefore very good for use in sunlight.
Light Density
The amount of light given off by a lit surface of a self-lit surface per surface unit. The unit of light density is Candela per square meter (cd/qm) or the older Apostilb (asb), where 1 cd/qm = 3.14 asb.
Light Density Factor
Also called grain factor. This factor describes how much light a Screenreflects in comparison to a diffused matte white screen. Since all screens which reflect in a particular direction have an increase in brightness over the comparable diffused surface, one refers to the light gain of the screen. The light density factor is measured in picture norms. Lichtleistung (Beamer)
Lighting Strength
Indicates how strongly a surface will be lit. The unit of measure for lighting strength is Lux.
Light -Room Projection
The Light Intensity, coming from the surface of the projector, five times larger than the light intensity of the surrounding light, presents a light-room projection.
Light Transmission
Amount of light which shines through an object. It is measured in percent.
Lichtleistung (Beamer)
See ANSI Lumen
Line Doubler
A machine which according to the line-jumping scanning converts coded video signals (half pictures) into full pictures in which the row structure is dissolved. Therefore in the simplest case it doubles the available pictures and as a result the pictures are homogeneous.
Line jump-scanning
See Interlaced Video
Long Play
A function through which the strip transport speed in video cassettes is halved, and thus double the amount fits on a video cassette.
Lumen
A much used unit of measure for image brightness. It is fixed according to the rules of the ANSI-Standards.
Luminanz-Signal
Brightness information of television images, also called black-white signal The symbol for the luminance is: Y.
Lux
Unit for the Light Strength. The abbreviation for Lux is lx. 1 lx = 1lm/qm. Magnify
Magnify
A term for a function in the data video projection. Through a remote control or external control mechanism specific parts of a picture can be enlarged.
Mouse Control
With this function a projector can be controlled by a computer mouse.
Metal Smoke Lamp - Metal Halide Lamp
These lamps have a lightly smoking metal and a noble gas filling. By heating them light with defined spectral lines is created. The output of the lamp reduces over the life of the lamp. The life can reach up to 4,000 hours.
Micro Lens
A German term for the term Micro Lens Array. In order to increase the optimal usage of light in the data video projector some manufacturers have added to the LCDs a system of micro lenses.
MLA
Short for Micro Lens Arrey.
Monitor Exit
Connecting possibility for a second projector or a control monitor on a projector .
Monitor Cable
Connecting cable between the monitor and the computer.
Monitor-Splitterbox
This box the simultaneous connection of a monitor and a projector to a computer.
Monochrome
Literally one color. Monochrome monitors can only show one color plus black e.g. black/white, black/green, or black/amber.
Motorized Focus
Setting the picture sharpness via the remote control
Motorzoom
The picture lets itself be varied through a remote control without the user having to make any adjustments to the lens by hand.
Multimedia
The coordination of various computer supported media in word, video, picture, sound etc.
Multinorm
Compatibility for several video standards.
Nematic Phase
The chopstick formed molecules of the liquid crystal in LCD screens are all arranged in one direction. s. DSTN
Noise
Unwanted signals which result when other signals are incorrectly interpolated as light signals.
Non-interlaced Video
In contrast to interlaced Video the picture is presented without a jump in rows.
NTP
NTP stands for New Tip Placement. This is a new type of lamp which is especially powerful but which uses little energy. This lamp is used for data video projectors.
NTSC
AAbbreviation for National Television Standards Committee. This is a usual video standard in the USA and Asian countries, having a Resolution of 525 rows.
OFF Timer
Function which allows the machine to turn itself off at set time intervals.
On Timer
Function which allows the machine to turn itself on at set time intervals.
Optical Keystone Correction
If the presentation machine projects diagonally upwards onto the screen the picture will be distorted to a trapezoid form. Projectors with optical Keystone Correction change the picture by distorting the picture by adjusting of the lens. The optical axis will be reset.
Optischer Digitalausgang
Anschluss für die digitale Datenübertragung zwischen verschiedenen Geräten
Optical Cable
Cable which converts electronic signals to the amplifier, thereby reducing the noise which is created by the electronic switch.
OSD
Abbreviation for On-Screen-Display. Also called Menu Leading. The image parameters of a data video recorder can be set through the menu window.
Overhead-Projector
Projector to project transparencies or written or coated folios on the screen by daylight.
PAL
Abbreviation for Phase Alternate Line. It is an analog video standard with 625 row picture resolution, used most widely in Europe. The Picture Repetition Frequency is 50 Hz.
PAL plus
Compatible method which combines high picture quality with the possibility to transfer sound.
PAN
With this function television picture sections with high resolution are presented as physically present. With the cursor button one can shift this section.
Parabola Screen
The screen is bent like a parabola so that it achieves a better light combination and thereby more brightness than a flat screen. Through this it also achieves a higher Gain factor.
Passive Matrix
This deals with an LCD-Technology. The direction of the pixel is external through an electric signal impulse in an output matrix. The reaction time of the passive matrix is slower than with an active matrix. This causes moving image stripes or ghost images.
PAT
Short for Picture and Text. This function divides the television picture in two halves. On the one side runs the normal television picture while on the other side one can call up the video text.
PCMCIA
Abbreviation for Personal Computer Memory Card Interface Adapter, a PC memory-card interface.
Picture Repetition Frequency
This frequency is measured in Hertz (Hz). It shows the number of pictures that can be built up per second. Data video projectors have their own picture repetition frequency. The details in brochures usually refer to the signal frequency of the computer or the source of the video, which the projector can convert.
Picture Resolution
See Resolution
Picture in Picture
Super-imposition of a small second picture within the main picture e.g., in a television.
Picture Data
Broadly standardized format for saving digital pictures, with which the pictures can be integrated into different programs regardless of applications or platforms.
Picture Format
Ratio of picture width to picture height. Depending upon the medium there are different picture formats, for example computer format 4:3, video format and DVD-Format 16:9, Overhead projector projects a format of 1:1. aspect ratio.
Picture Frequency
Also Picture Repetition Frequency or Vertical FrequencyThe number of pictures produced in one second. The unit of measurement is Hertz. The more pictures that are built up in one second (i.e., the larger the number of Hertz) the less the picture flickers. Television operates with 25 pictures per second, monitors with approximately 75, motion pictures with at least 24 pictures per second. The recorded frequency should match the play-back frequency.
Picture Normal
An imaginary axis which goes out at a 90° angle from the middle of the projection screen. Used in measuring the Gain Factor herangezogen.
Pixel
Short form for picture element. See Image Dot
Pixel Frequency
The number of pictures shown per second. The unit of measure is Mhz.
PJ-NET Organizer
A function to regulate and control up to 100 projectors via LAN or Internet, which are connected to each other.
Plug & Play
A term which is also used in data video projection. Plug & Play projectors communicate direct with the connected computer and synchronize automatically. The user connects the cable and switches the machine on in order to be ready for use.
Polarisator
A structure made of glass or plastic that polarizes light and thereby only allows light waves to penetrate which move within a directional level.
Polysilicon TFT
A technique in the manufacture of LCDs, which enables a special small structure with high resolution.
Progressive Scan
A technology for the line-jumping scanning in the making of television pictures in which first all the rows are saved and then read in progression. This prevents a flickering picture.
Projection Ratio
The ratio between the projected picture width and the distance to the projected surface.
Projection Screen
Also called silver screen, a screen for receiving projected pictures. The screen is mostly rolled and is made of plastic or fabric with a smooth white surface which is coated with metal or coated. There are various types of screens according to the reflective characteristics. Type "D" reflects light diffuse, Type "B" reflects light in the direction of the output, and Type "S" is the angle of impact of light equal to the angle of reflection. In addition, one can differentiate the screens by their different forms. There are screens and motorized projection screens as well as spring. While framed screens are fixed to the wall, the other types can be assembled freely.
Projector
A machine for projecting pictures on a screen. It is used for presentation purposes. There are many different types of projectors.
Radio Waves
Electromagnetic wavelengths in a large area from a few centimeters up to several thousand kilometers. They serve for the distribution of television and radio programs and are used in pain and medical diagnostics.
RCA-Plug
American term for Cinch-plug
RDS
Short for Radio Data System. A function for showing the radio sender's name in the display.
Real Flat Technology
Flat picture tube enabling images in the corners to be sharp.
Refresh Rate
The number of cycles per second in which a picture is newly produced. The unit of measure is Hertz, e.g., 50Hz or 50 times per second. The higher the rate the smoother the picture.
Resizing
A function from data video projection. The projector automatically converts the resolution of connected signal sources which do not match the resolution of the original resolution of the projector. The aim is to fill the screen with a full picture quality.
Resolution
Digital pictures are comprised of a number of individual points which vary according to graphic card and software. The resolution is given in pixels: width x height. For example, the SVGA-Standard delivers 800 pixel in width, 600 in height.
Remaining Band Indicator
An indicator showing the remaining playing or recording time of the band.
RGB
Short form for added color combinations. Data video projectors use RGB color models and construct all colors from the primary colors red, green, and blue.
RS232C
(English abbreviation: Recommended Standard 232-C) An area in which serial data transfer is used. Modern data video projectors are able to be integrated into larger systems and controlled by external control units. These units are connected with the RS232 are of the projector.
Rear Projection
Rear projectors allow for the space-saving storage of the data video projector. The projector makes the picture from the rear onto a transparent screen. It turns them automatically so that the viewer sees the picture the right way round.
Saturation
The color intensity of a picture or color.
Scart Euro-AV
A plug for video and audio signals often used in video recorders and television sets.
Screen
See Projection Screen
Screen Markets
This is how boards or plug-in cards are referred to that are responsible for the communication in the computer. They influence maximum resolution and maximum color depth.
Sharp Area
An area in which an objective lens is able to have its sharpness set. A sharp area from 1.1m to 11m means that an objective lens smaller than 1.1 m and larger than 11m cannot be set.
SECAM
Abbreviation for Sequentiel Couleur avec Mémoire. This video standard with 625 rows is used in France and some countries of the former Soviet Union.
Serial Port
Connection point an a computer for a series machines
ShowView
Programming a video recorder with the aid of a number code (Show-View Number), which is given for all programs in most TV magazines.
SHP-Lampe
The abbreviation for Super High Performance. This is a new type of metal smoke lamp which is used, for example, in data video projectors. SHP-Lamps produce much light with little energy use and deliver a daylight-similar Color Temperature.
Sleep-Timer (Einschlaf-Zeitschalter)
After a programmed time interval the machine turns itself off automatically.
Specular
Screen of the type Typ S
Standbild
Siehe Freeze
Stations Storage
The number of radio senders that can be saved
Scatter Factor
Shows how strong the light density is lost by sideways measurement.
STN
Short for Super Twist Nematic. A type of LCD with passiver matrix
Scatter Angle
Shows how strong the loss of brightness is by sideways viewing. It is given in degrees in which half of the light intensity factor of thepicture normal value has been reduced.
Sub woofer
responsible fort he transfer of deep tones. There are active and passive Sub-woofers. Active sub-woofers already have a amplifier integrated into their casing. Passive sub woofers require and external end step. See Dolby Digital
SVGA
(English abbreviation for Super Video Graphics Adapter) Super VGA screen standard with a resolution of 800 x 600 Pixel. It is the current popular business standard.
S-VHS
Video norm which achieves a high video quality. It separates brightness and color signals.
SXGA
Screen standard with a resolutionof 1,280 x 1,024 Pixels. A standard which is found especially in the are area of CAD.
Synchronisation
In data video projection the term is used to describe the fine adjusting of the projector to the data signals of the computer and video source
Tele-objective
Objective lens with a large focal distance to draw from distant projectors
TFT
Short for Thin Film Transistor. An Active matrixtechnology. Every pixel is built as a transistor switch. According to the tension different amount of light will be let through
Title Saver
A title which can be saved for the reproduction of a CD
TOP/ FLOF-Text
Video text system with especially fast connection to the video text page, since in the background many pages can be saved.
Tracking
Tracking is a partial function of the AutoScan or AutoSyncas used by data video projectors. In the tracking area, the width of the projected picture is used in order to achieve as interference free presentation as possible.
Transparent OHP
A type of which has its source of light built in the bottom of the projector. First the folio or LC-Display with will be lit with light from below. Then, the light falls on a lens which is then directed through a mirror onto the projection wall. With the help of some specially placed lenses the Fresnel lens and mirror direct the light.
Trapezoid Correction
If the presentation machine projects the diagonally upwards to the screen the picture will be distorted to a trapezoid form. With the help of electronics, modern data video projectors can correct the distortion. The picture point pixel is compressed and the picture is marginally reduced in size. Also called Keystone Correction.
True Color
See Color 24-Bit
TSTN
Kurz für Triple Super Twist Nematic. Eine Art von passive matrix.
TV-Lines
The number of lines that a video standard can present
UHB / UHP Lamp
UHB stands for Ultra High Brightness; UHP for Ultra High Pressure. This is a modern type of lamp which is extremely powerful but requires little energy. These lamps are used more and more for data video projectors.
USB
Abbreviation for Universal Serial Bus. Standard area for many Apple-Macintoshes and PCs. Hardware components are automatically recognized by the computer, configured and immediately ready for use.
UXGA
Abbreviation for Ultra Extended Graphics Array. Screen standard for computers with a resolution of at most 1,600 x 1,200 Pixels.
Variofocus-Objective
Objective lens whose vario area is not only used for changing the picture size but for sharpening the projected picture.
Vertical Frequency
This function is measured in Hertz. It gives the number of pictures which can be built up per second. Also called picture width.Data video projectors have their own vertical frequency. The data given prospectuses usually refer to the signal frequency of the computer or video source that the projector can convert.
VESA
Short for Video Electronics Standard Association. Standards developed for defining the video picture resolution larger than VGA resolution.
VGA
Abbreviation for Video Graphics Array. Screen standard with a resolutionof 720 x 400 pixel in text mode and 640 x 480 pixels in graphic mode.
VHS
Short for Video Home System. Analogous recording format in which each picture is built up from approximately 240 lines (horizontal resolution).
Video
From the Latin word "videre" = to see. The conversion of movement in electric signals.
Video Wavelength
Maximum Frequencyfor a video signal. The specification is given in MHz. The larger the video wavelength the higher the resolution and accompanying picture repetition frequency.
Video-Entrance
Connecting point for television and video machines
VPS
Short for Video Program Service, a service of the broadcasters. Every program is sent with a signal which the VPS System recognizes. Thus the video recorder always starts and terminates the recording of a program at the right time, even when the broadcasting time has been changed.
White balance
See automatic white balance
Wide Angle Objective Lens
An objective lens which can give a large picture with a small distance to the projector.
Whisper-Mode
See Eco-Modus
Wireless LAN
Wireless date transfer between digital machines e.g., computers and projectors
Woofer OUT
Connection point for an external sub woofer
Work Station
Quicker, and much stronger computer on the basis of one or more processors. Work stations generally serve for executing tasks requiring intensive calculations.
XGA
(English abbreviation for Extended Video Graphics Adapter) Screen standard with a resolution of at most 1,024 x 768 pixeln
XGA-2
The second generation of XGA standards
YCC
A color system developed by Kodak in co-operation with the Photo-CD. YCC separately codes brightness (Luminosity) and color (chromatics).
Y/C Plug
Special plug for S-VHS and Y/ C videos
Y/C Video
Video signal of S-VHS. The resolution is higher than with composite videos.
Y-Cable
Cable with one entrance and two exits. With the help of this cable one can, for example, connect a monitor and an LCD projector to a computer concurrently.
Zoom
This is an objective lens which enables the smooth adjusting of the picture size with a given distance. Many data video projectors are already equipped with a Motor-zoom. These lenses can be controlled direct from the remote control.
Zoom Lens Ratio
The ratio between the smallest and the largest picture that a zoom objective lens can set.
16:9-Switching
See Picture Format
6-Button Technology
A video recorder technology. Enables an optimal reproduction quality with still photos, time loops, roaming and long-play functions. Two video heads are for standard, 2 for long-play and 2 audio heads for Hi-fi recording and transmission in almost CD quality.